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NLP and The Martial Arts.

This is the first article that I have written exclusively for Vladimir's Russian
Martial Art Forum

The subject is Psychology in the Martial Arts and especially that which is utilised by NLP.

This should be seen as an introduction to NLP as well as training material for you to use in your own education.

The Psychology that is studied in all the schools and universities around the world has its main subject in how many ways a human being can be broken and all the interesting names (labels) that their issues have been given i.e. Manic depressive this and compulsive disorder that! not so very usefully, they spend far less energy on finding ways to cure these people of there ills
(and why should they when they can keep them as sick paying customers for
15 years!! at a time . you could say it pays to keep people mentally sick!)

As a Martial Artist this type of Psychology (there are many and one or two are not bad!) is not very useful to you.

in 1993 I began learning NLP, Neuro Linguistic Programming, I found that the main problem was that all the examples for learning were based on remedial therapy (although the NLP models themselves are generative ) and not based on the martial arts so I undertook to change the examples and models slightly after I completely understood them and thus began years of work to make NLP useful to myself and my students in the Martial Arts.

This subject is vast and to learn NLP professionally now is VERY VERY expensive, you can get books on NLP cheaply but you can only imagine how good you would get ,by learning about RMA from a book! NLP is as interactive as the System on a human level.

What I teach you now in the written form, is from my own experience, and the stories and ideas I convey will help you if you are studying NLP for your Martial Arts training. and may inspire you if you are not.

In my articles on the systema I have mentioned several times the importance of the relationship you have to your opponent , this is not though chance or error but the importance has been realised through years of hard training study and experimentation , my intention here is to give you an insight into the WHY (why we need Psychology) the WHAT (what we need and what
we use) and the HOW (how we utilise the what )

This is not just another “about it” article I am going to teach you the fundamentals of something that has taken me 20 odd years to put together (and with great help from NLP) in the hope that I can save you two decades of study and so that you can Start NOW!!... to work on Clarifying your
mind to the importance of your part in your Relationship with the world you live with.

What is Neuro - Linguistic Programming?
Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is defined as the study of the structure of subjective experience and what can be calculated from that and is predicated upon the belief that all behaviour has structure. People such as Virginia Satir, Milton Erickson and Fritz Perls had amazing results with their clients. They were some of the people who’s linguistic and behavioural patterns Richard Bandler the farther of NLP built formal models of. He then applied these models to his work.

Because these models are formal they also allow for prediction and calculation. Patterns that may not have been available in any of these people’s work could be calculated from the formal representations he had created. New techniques and models were (and still are being) developed.

Since the models that constitute NLP describe how the human brain functions they are used in order to teach them. NLP is not a diagnostic tool. It can only be applied and can therefore only be taught experientially.

by installation, not by teaching technique after technique. Techniques outdate themselves too quickly to base the field of NLP on a set of techniques. It is based upon the attitude, the models and the skills which allow for constant generation of new techniques which are more effective and work faster.

Although many providers make certain courses prerequisite to the attendance of other courses, Dr. Bandler has no such prerequisites for any of his seminars. Learning does not come in levels. Once the underlying
pattern (principle), by which something can be learned, has been taught, the material becomes not only easily accessible but a logical extension. For example, once somebody has learned how to read it no longer matters whether a book is five pages or two-hundred pages long. Similarly, once someone has been taught the spelling strategy it does not matter whether

the word is two or five letters long, you just have to look at the picture. This is why I always put the greatest emphasis on teaching principles rather than mere techniques. As once you have learned the principle all relevant technique is then available. Each lesson is based upon different sets of knowledge. Therefore it is not necessary to do them in any specific order.

And What is NLP according to my Teacher Harold Milnthorp
“NLP has been defined as the study of subjective experience. It is a META MODEL (a model of a model). That is a model which allows us to model
‘behavioural excellence”.

Because it is a tool for modelling, it has no “truth” to offer. It is flexible, and has

If you are tying to improve your golf for instance, the pro will show you how to hold the club, how to stand and how to swing. There are of course physical laws which govern the results of your efforts, but they probably won’t concern you. Most people will just want to play better. So you do what the best players do, the way they do it.

NLP’ers are generally more concerned with improving their skills than considering, for instance, what happens in the brain at the sub atomic level when a particular pattern is applied. Not because what happens at the sub atomic level is unimportant, but because it is Outside THE FRAME of reference”

Neuro -Linguistic Programming was based upon replication. Design Human
Engineering is based on creation.

Neuro-Linguistic Programming was based on how information is accessed sequentially. Design Human Engineering is based on how information is processed simultaneously.

For years Dr. Bandler studied how geniuses used their minds to accomplish what they did and was able to successfully replicate the results they produced. One day he noticed that all of the geniuses he knew got out of bed in the morning because they had to urinate. He decided that wasn’t good enough.

Design Human Engineering takes for granted the opportunity to design internal strategies and states that are both dynamic and compelling. Think about how many good feelings you have. However many that is, it’s not enough. DHE starts from the premise that, that which is already available to an individual is nowhere near what that person is capable of.

In order to design skills it is important that observation be precise and that he differences between what you want and what you don’t want are
extreme and therefore obvious. These are functions of internal processing. If you wish to know when you have rapport the difference between being in rapport and not being in rapport must be so great that there is absolutely no question. When you see someone you know very well, you know what kind of a mood they are in by the tone of voice they use. The difference between happy and sad is unmistakable. Design Human Engineering allows you to make the distinction in perception that will make the difference in action. If there is no difference in perception you will learn how to use your senses so that there is one.

When understanding how strategies work you must also understand how
they function in relationship to other strategies such as the timelines that are utilized at a given point in time, the meta programs that are active. The ability to design contextual shifts in all parameters simultaneously is the
realm of Design Human Engineering

which will allow you to accomplish the task at hand. The models that constitute Neuro-Linguistic Programming create sets of distinctions that allow us to communicate better as well as replicate behaviours that others are able to produce. Design Human Engineering not only allows you to create new strategies and skills but also allows you to create better motivation strategies to get the tasks, the strategies are useful for, done.

What is the difference between the best feeling you have ever had and the best feeling your body is capable of producing? How much control do you have over the feelings you produce, their intensity and when you produce them? Have you ever before set out to discover how much pleasure you can stand? Those are a few of the questions DHE asks.

How many if not all people who spar with Vladimir or indeed Mikhail have said this on reflection after training with either man, What's going on?

Well in one sense Yes you are having your mind read and this is done mainly through your body (80% of all communication is non verbal ) Vladimir and Mikhail can see the origin of your technique and movements and their training lets them respond in a correct way to deal with you in an instant ,
to you this feels as though your mind is being read as they are so much in tune with what you are doing ( so much so it feels as though we are the ones who are out of tune! with everything)

they can do this because of their experience but there are other factors that
I will cover here as well.

Being in tune (Rapport) with someone is at the very essence of Martial Arts
NLP and therapy (this is just one of the parallels)

Becoming one with your opponent means having rapport with him. This is the deepest part of this article and that is why I am dedicating the brunt of the information in this direction. The business of controlling someone starts with aligning with them, this aligning can be seen as Matching with them. Once you are matching them then you are pacing them or moving as they

move and thinking as they think, the relationship melts at this point. as you move they respond in kind this is *leading* (and for your information, this is the beginning of psychic energy!!)

Matching, pacing and leading. you align(Matching, using what they are giving you) You stay aligned (pacing) and when you feel you have Rapport you begin to lead (control)

It is possible to get into rapport in many ways including, the body and its language, representational systems (this is how we use the Five senses Visual, auditory, Kinesthetic, olfactory and gustatory to communicate and understand information), criteria levels (what is important to people) in fact anything that is match-able

There are two main factors involved or two sides of the same coin . One is being in tune (congruent) with yourself and the other is being in tune (matching and pacing)or in rapport with your opponent.

(we will call him opponent for now but later you will understand it will be difficult to call him anything but part of the process)

“BEING IN TUNE ” This is realised through Training in rapport !!
RAPPORT Harmonious relationship or connection.

If we can achieve good rapport with another person they will feel ACCEPTED and UNDERSTOOD. The illusion of understanding is a trap for the unwarily (read the true life account at the bottom of the post) , but nonetheless useful as long as we, as the communicators, remain aware of the illusion we have created.

A man had learned all the skills of NLP and had succeeded in boring all his friends with it until he had no friends left. He decided to go to the Zoo and practice Matching and Mirroring with the gorilla He paces and then leads the gorilla into all kinds of behaviour until be pulls down on one eye The gorilla

comes extremely angry leaps the wall of the enclosure and nearly kills the man. As the man recovers in hospital the zoo keeper comes to see him. The man tells the keeper about NLP and about how be was leading the gorilla The keeper Say’s “Did you do that” and pulls down one eye. In gorilla language that means F*** off!”

The man decides to get revenge. He buys a sausage and a pair of scissors and goes to see the gorilla. He paces him and leads him, and the pokes the sausage through the fly in his trousers and cuts’ it off with the scissors He throws the scissors into the cage and the gorilla pulls down on one eye.

“Matching” is doing what the other person is doing. Mirroring is behaving like their mirror image.

People who are “getting on well” are often performing a little dance, and the more intimate the relationship the more their body movements seem to match or mirror one another.

Cross matching is using one part of your body to match another part of the subjects.

AND THIS IS WHY YOU LOVE YOUR OPPONENT!!! because (burn this into your mind!! NOW!) “The more intimate the relationship the more
their body movements seem to match or mirror one another”

When people are under stress, and most need to be flexible, is when they are most

Digitals (Satir - computer language i.e. words that don't have a rep. system (representational system i.e. Visual, auditory, Kinesthetic, olfactory and gustatory ) - predicates such as think, understand, acknowledge, learn.

Matching a persons representational systems, and language in general helps to increase rapport and it is usually very covert

Continue with the illusion but recognise the reality that you probably do not fully understand.

Being able to gain and retain rapport is a great aid to communication. However there are times when you want to break rapport.

MISMATCHING AND BREAKING RAPPORT There are times when breaking rapport is useful or even essential.

Anger, violence (in our case we can continue to match body mechanics ), to disagree or if someone is emotionally upset etc.

Pacing is acknowledging the clients POSITION or PERSPECTIVE as if going along with them.

(they are always right !! always! always! always! always! when you are pacing them) e.g. if he throws a punch at you, you don't say to him “no that's wrong you should kick me as I haven’t learnt punch defences yet!”

You always accept what is offered as good and right and the is matching him and pacing him.

However you may mismatch as far as body posture, voice and so on are concerned and yet still be pacing.

For example, you may simply say ‘That hurts” or “You are angry” and so on.

9. Setting the foundations for successful LEADING LEADING
This presumes you know where you are going.

e.g. That hurts (pacing), it probably hurts a lot, (pacing) and it isn’t going to stop hurting straight away (pacing belief), but in a few minutes it will get less, (leading), and this treatment will soon make it as good as new (leading).

This is pacing and leading rep. systems. Useful for someone who is stuck in one system, where another system may help uncover a solution. Hypnosis - whatever rep. system a person uses in the conscious state, overlap to another to get a trance state. Some words are helpful, since they apply to more than one rep. system.

3. Let them sit first so you can see their posture in order that you can match it.

1. What position is their spine in relation to chair (straight, sideways, curled)

We experience the world with our senses - Sight (VISUAL), hearing (AUDITORY), touch (Kinaesthetic), smell (OLFACTORY), taste (GUSTATORY)

When people are talking they often show a preference for one sensory system and choose words that reflect this preference. Under stress, when flexibility is most needed, people are apt to go to their preferred system.

The preference may occur within a context or may be across contexts
(Trans contextual).

“I see that you are beginning to understand.” (computer) “You really are getting the picture” (visual)
“If you listen you’ll hear what I’m saying” (auditory)

2“Now you are getting to grips with it, you’ll find the task much smoother”

The brains programming language derives from our five senses. VISUAL
AUDITORY KINESTHETIC OLFACTORY/GUSTATORY
V.A.K. 0/0 - in NLP this group is referred to as a 4-TUPLE

*Visual* images can be further defined - for example size, colour or black/white, bright or dull, in or out of focus, by it’s location and so on.

Auditory may be defined by position, tone, pitch, tempo, volume, clarity, mono or stereo etc.

Tactile - the sensations received by the skin - pressure, temperature, rough, smooth etc.

*Proprioceptive* - muscles, in4tal sensations of posture, and breathing Meta feelings - emotions or feelings that arise from the other programming codes. We use these to Evaluate our experiences.

Olfactory/gustatory are powerful, and difficult to change by direct conscious manipulations. However, 4-tuples are bound together, and changing just one element CAN change the whole 4-tuple. Changing more than one is usually more effective.

An Example of the effectiveness of using NLP’s Matching, pacing and leading in a real situation.

bar and talking to a friend about Martial Arts (as you do!) we were sat at the bar and we were overheard by our antagonist (I will call him this out of pity!)

He turn to us and without any formal introduction (it turned out later that his nick name was “Big Boy”
(LOL!) and said “That Martial Arts, that kung fu, that JU Jitsu its Crap” (he obviously was trying to elicit a negative response from me) I turn to him and said (matching) “yes your absolutely right!”

He looked at me with his moustache and a confused look on his face, and said “No no you don't understand, I said “that Martial Arts! that S.A.S. stuff (!) it’s a load of rubbish!!” I said to him (matching and pacing) “yes your absolutely right their rubbish!”

He now looked even more confused and looked a little humiliated as well so to recoup some dignity he said “ I did rugby for 20 years and I was a bouncer and I could batter you!”

I said to him (matching, pacing and now leading) “ you must be very strong
I wouldn't like to fight you, you seem a very IMPOTENT person”

“Yes and don't you forget it” he said, at this point his girlfriend speaks up and says to him “Shut up you, your making a prat out of yourself!”

About two hours later He came back over and said in a fake apologetic tone said “What I said before....everyone has their own opinion don't they?”

“yes” I said “everyone does have there own opinion” (Matching & pacing)
he got that confused look on his face again and left.

When people communicate to you there are only two places that they come from and those are LOVE OR FEAR

Big boy was a intimidator he would try to make people feel uncomfortable because his life was bad and so he would make yours bad as well because

he did not like me because he found me a threat, because I do Martial Arts, But he never counted on me doing NLP as well!

About a year after this event Big Boy was dead. he had committed suicide after his girlfriend left him.

In part two of this article I will cover more NLP models as well as more examples of them in real situations. it should be ready by the end of next week or sooner (there’s a response potential for you)

4.olfactory (smell) NLP. part two
We will start NLP part two with the NLP presuppositions

1. There is no failure, Only RESULTS or FEEDBACK (failure is a human judgment)
Feedback verses failure , All results and behaviours are achievements, whether they are desired outcomes for a given task/context, or not.

2.The map is not the Territory, nothing is really the way you THINK it is, your thinking comes from your representation of your world it is not the real world. (we are never certain of the ultimate truth (whose truth? )

3. Every behaviour serves an unconscious positive intent. not always appropriate in manner, time or place,

even negative actions are done for positive reasons, (negative according to whom?)

There is a positive intention motivating every behaviour, and a context in which behaviour has value

you may say or do something that gets you a response that you didn’t bargain for this because The meaning of the communication for them was different form The meaning of the communication for you.

(you cannot be held responsible for other peoples emotional responses when they are OTHER peoples responses)

But if we just “Prefer” something to be a certain way then we are less bothered, as Vlad told me “People take life to seriously”

This is because people cannot be happy (Don't allow themselves to be) unless certain things in live are the way they want (demand) them to be. you can be happier if you just “Prefer” something to be a certain way

the resources a person needs in order to effect a change are already within them,

11. All communication is either a loving response or a cry for help. (we communicate what we need)

These Presuppositions are very useful so take them to heart as they are Very positive,

An anchor is the name that NLP gives to a sensory stimulus that is attached to a particular state of consciousness. this is a very big subject to write about and if I explained everything I would be writing for ever so I will explain the basics,

The process of associating an internal response with some external trigger (similar to classical conditioning) so that the response may be quickly, and sometimes covertly, re-accessed.

ANCHORS exist in the “real” world. Examples
1. The face of someone you care about (VISUAL) smiling or angry.

We can deliberately use anchors to “capture” states in ourselves and in others.

Stand with feet together, arms by your side, palms outward, eyes down,
head lowered, shoulders down. even the muscles of the face must be relaxed and aloud to sag NOW BE ASSERTIVE ( HOLDING THAT POSTURE)

Stand with feet apart, shoulders back, head up, eyes lifted, smiling and - HOLDING THAT POSTURE, FEEL DEPRESSED
It can’t be done! as the bodies posture is so entwined with the mind and emotions that when we feel a certain way we express it in a body posture
the above postures are incongruent with the emotions you are trying to elicit
,

It is possible up to a point to read body language because we some universal body positions that are linked to emotions that we all recognise.

2. Anchors can be created in all five senses. Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic
(touch) etc

e.g. gather and anchor the feelings of ... curiosity...learning... understanding and then fire the anchors one after another, (I will explain Firing Anchors

4. Anchors can be “fired” to recapture a state.(this will be explained in the real life situation story)

5. Anchors can be “spatial”.(in space e.g. you remember something then go upstairs and you've forgotten it, when you go back to the same spot where you were, you remember again what you had forgotten

7. Anchors are consistent (unless modified or they are changed by subsequent experiences) in other words once an anchor is installed it will always elicit the same stimulus.

8. Anchors are the basis of “one shot” learning. (phobias are negative example)

A woman is stung by a wasp, every time afterwards when she a wasp (anchor) she runs around waving her arms about making noises (response) it doesn't matter what she was doing or how much she was concentrating on what she was doing, as soon as she see’s the wasp (Visual anchor) she responds in the same way.

9. Anchors can be generalised - a state linked to one experience can be transferred to other experience. ( she is now nervous of all flying Bugs)

some examples of Auditory anchors that have may already been installed over time in you; I will give you some examples of advertisements (anchors) and if they did their job it will trigger the stimulus in you (will leave out the name of the product but that's the anchor that they want you to remember)

If some or none of these anchors stimulated no response then they were not installed in the first place. if they were then you will have remembered the products and the advertisers have done their job well, (Who says Hypnosis does not work!)

This is a true situation where I stopped a Fight happening using NLP. and anchors.

A few years ago I was out drinking with a few friends, About half way through the night I was standing in a group of people, when an argument started with one of my friends and a stranger, I was quite close and I could see the guys face very clearly, His face turned from red to white and he started to initiate a punch to my friends face, at this exact moment I stepped in between then and looking him in the eyes said “your really angry!(matching) what's wrong? (pacing “something is wrong” (this is what is called a Truism that is something that is happening in the real world e.g. you are reading this now!) (what's wrong? I invited him to confide in me)

The man immediately stopped and said I'm going to hit him, I said “No You don't need to....(leading). He's not the real issue here is he? (leading) he said “no.... I'm angry about something else (changing mental State) I
said tell me What's the problem ( it this point I put my hand on his shoulder to anchor the State he was now in (that wanting to tell me state which was also none aggressive)

He then blurted out how his friends had abandoned him to drink on his own and how angry he was about it .

for you” at this point I then took my hand away from his shoulder (when you anchor you must keep the stimulus clean in other words only anchor the state you want)

he said thanks But what about him pointing to my friend that he was going to hit, I said “ don't worry about him he’s alright” (and put my hand back on his shoulder re- anchoring the Previous state of none aggression as he looked at my friend he was going to hit earlier,

They went off and started to drink together with a few of my friends in another part of the Bar,

One of my students who witnessed the whole event and knew What I was up to (Id taught him NLP) said “That Was amazing!”

A little while later the same Student came up to me and said that Guys getting aggressive again, I said “don't worry He wont when he comes Here” the guy Came up to me looking Angry as he was earlier, I put my hand on his shoulder in the same position and in the same place and re-anchored the earlier state, He immediately calmed down I said “stay with me if He’s worrying you“(pointing to the man he was going to hit)

While he was around me or when I re-anchored the state, he was fine and we ended the night without incident and a new friend.

1. Behavioural Flexibility - To adjust your behaviours to get what you want. (if your not getting what you want your doing the wrong thing SO DO SOMETHING ELSE! and not the same thing but Harder!)

(in a relationship we do things that are for the relationship or things that are a task

“In any system of human beings or machines, the element in that system with the WIDEST RANGE OF VARIABILITY will be the CONTROLLING element

This is one of the reasons the Systema is so Good compared to other Martial Arts because it conforms to the LAW OF REQUISITE VARIETY because it so free moving it has the WIDEST RANGE OF VARIABILITY in its movements.

DEFINITIONS
A PROBLEM is the difference between the present state and desired state. HIGH QUALITY INFORMATION - The closer a description is to sensory
experience the higher the quality.

The boundary within which a useful exchange of information can occur. LEARNING
Learning about systema is an intellectual, left brain experience. Learning

systema involves mind and body and requires you to train your body. STAGES OF LEARNING
Unconscious Incompetence - we don’t yet know we are missing something

Learning is a STOCHASTIC process that means our hardware places limits on what is possible.

Facial expressions of anger, fear, joy etc. are universally recognised.
We share common drives for air, water, food, sex, need for social contact. the body can only move in a set number of ways (STOCHASTIC) but the
variations are limitless as your imagination.

GOAL SETTING AND WELL FORMEDNESS Goal Setting
1 DECIDE WHAT YOU REALLY WANT AND WHAT IS PREVENTING YOU FROM HAVING IT NOW! (decide what you want not what you don't want)

(ask your self the question “What are trying to preserve by not having it
Now)

2 GET LEVERAGE: ASSOCIATE MASSIVE PAIN TO NOT CHANGING NOW! AND MASSIVE PLEASURE TO THE EXPERIENCE OF CHANGING NOW!

were in pain or very uncomfortable, when you are really into the feeling (and not before) anchor it, to anchor it you just have to touch a part of your body e.g. a knuckle of the hand for instance, get jump around and break the state, then test the Anchor by touching the same spot in the same
way if it accesses the emotional state that's good if it doesn't go through the process again and put more feeling into it, It doesn't matter what memory you are using you are only Anchoring the emotional state not the memory go through the process several times using different memories, when you have built up a strong anchor think of not changing now and Fire the
Anchor at the same time, to associate the thought with those! feelings. for Anchor positive thinks of wonderful feelings or even just make them up! (pretend). At the synaptic level the brain doesn't know the difference between reality and imagination its just binary information.

3. INTERRUPT THE LIMITING PATTERN (scramble) you can use your (BAD Anchor for this) every put a cigarette in your mouth and fire the Bad Anchor, do it until you feel sick every time you put a cigarette in your mouth!

(If the goal is initiated by another person it will not be your goal ! for example: If you love somebody but they do not love you then That goal is initiated by them and not you).

1.What do you want? Appropriately contextualized
1.When, where, with whom do you want this?

3.Are there any areas where you don’t want this? Demonstrable in sensory experience

External Behaviour (E B); Internal State (IS); Internal Computations (IC) Initiated and maintained by the subject

Test question - Is there anything in the world that can keep you from doing what you want?

If the answer is yes, outcome is not initiated and maintained by subject unless s/he says “I don’t want it enough” or “If I do I have to give up X”

Context: Where, when, with whom do you want.....? Criteria: What is important about achieving/having.......?
Cause effect What makes you?; What stops you?; What do you need to be.....?

What would help you to have....? External Behaviour:
Use the “As if’ frame. “If you had already........what would you be doing?”

Internal computations, What will you be seeing in your mind’s eye, what are you

hearing inside your head, what are you saying to yourself? Get persons strategy.
Internal state, What will you be feeling? Where in your body will you feel it?

Subtle behaviours that will both help to trigger and indicate which representational system a person is using to think with. Typical types of accessing cues include eye movements, voice tone, tempo, body posture, gestures, and breathing patterns.

The process of associating an internal response with some external trigger (similar to classical conditioning) so that the response may be quickly, and sometimes covertly, re-accessed.

Relating to hearing or the sense of hearing. Behaviour
The specific physical actions and reactions through which we interact with the people and environment around us.

The ability to vary one s own behaviour in order to elicit or secure a response from another person.

Closely held generalizations about (1) cause, (2) meaning, and (3)
boundaries in a (a) world around us, (b) our behaviour, (c) our capabilities,

and (d) our identities. Beliefs function at a different level than concrete reality and serve to guide and interpret our perceptions of reality, often by connecting them to our CRITERIA of value systems. Beliefs are notoriously difficult to change through typical rules of logic or rational thinking. (i.e. you cannot logic someone out of a belief)

The process of learning to read another person ‘s unconscious, nonverbal responses in an ongoing interaction by pairing observable behavioural cues with a specific internal response.

Unconscious pattern of communication in behavioural cues of one person trigger specific responses from another person in an ongoing interaction.

Mastery over an entire class of behaviour - knowing how to do something. Capabilities come from the development of a mental map that allows us to select and organize groups of individual behaviours. In NLP these mental maps take the form of cognitive strategies and metaprograms.

Organizing or breaking down some experience into bigger or smaller pieces. Chunking up involves moving to a larger, more abstract level of information. Chunking down involves moving to a more specific and concrete level of information. Chunking laterally involves finding other examples at the same level of information.

When all of a person’s internal beliefs, strategies, and behaviours are fully in agreement and oriented toward securing a desired outcome.

The framework surrounding a particular event. This framework will often determine how a particular experience or event is interpreted.

The values or standards a person uses to make decisions and judgments. (you Can (should) match peoples Criteria to get rapport)
Deep Structure

The sensory maps (both conscious and unconscious) that people use to organize and guide their behaviour.

The external context in which our behaviour takes place. Our environment is that which we perceive as being “outside” of us. It is not part of our behaviour but is rather something we must react to.

A short hand method used to notate the structure of any particular experience. The concept of the four tuple maintains that any experience must be composed of some combination of the four primary
representational classes -A,V,K,O - where A = Auditory, V = Visual, K = Kinesthetic, and 0 = Olfactory/Gustatory.

The process of mentally rehearsing oneself through some future situation in order to help ensure that the desired behaviour will occur naturally and automatically.

Our sense of who we are. Our sense of identity organizes our beliefs, capabilities, and behaviours into a single system.

The process of facilitating the acquisition of a new strategy or behaviour. A new strategy may be installed through some combination of anchoring, accessing cues, metaphor, and future pacing.

Relating to body sensations. In NLP the term kinesthetics is used to encompass all kinds of feelings including tactile, visceral, and emotional.

An internal hierarchy in which each level is progressively more psychologically encompassing and impact-full. In order of importance (from high to low) these levels include (1) Identity, (2) Beliefs, (3) Capabilities, (4) Behaviour, and (5) Environment.

A model developed by John Grinder and Richard Bandler that identifies categories of language patterns that can be problematic or ambiguous.

A level of mental programming that determines how we sort, orient to, and chunk our experiences. Our meta programs are more abstract than our specific strategies for thinking and define our general approach to a particular issue rather than the details of our thinking process.

The process of thinking about one situation or phenomenon as something else, i.e., stories, parables, and analogies.

A behavioural model and set of explicit skills and techniques founded by John Grinder and Richard Bandler in 1975. Defined as the study of the structure of subjective experience. NLP studies the patterns or “Programming” created by the interaction among the brain (Neuro), language (linguistic), and the body that produce both effective and ineffective behaviour. The skills and techniques were derived by observing the patterns of excellence in experts from diverse fields of professional communication, including psychotherapy, business, hypnosis, law, and education.

A method used by communicators to quickly establish rapport by matching certain aspects of their behaviour to those of the person with whom they are communicating -matching or mirroring of behaviour.

A metaphorical way of talking about independent programs and strategies of behaviour. Programs or “parts” will often develop a persona that becomes one of their identifying features.

A particular perspective or point of view. In NLP there are three basic positions one can take in perceiving a particular experience. First position involves experiencing something through our own eyes associated in a first person point of view. Second position involves experiencing something as if we were in another person’s shoes. Third position involves standing back and perceiving the relationship between ourselves and others from a dissociated perspective.

Process words (like verbs, adverbs, and adjectives) that a person selects to describe a subject. Predicates are used in NLP to identify which representational system a person is using to process information.

A pattern in which a message that you want to deliver can be embedded in quotations, as if someone else had stated the message.

A process used in NLP through which a problematic behaviour is separated from the positive intention of the internal program or “part” that is responsible for the behaviour. New choices of behaviour are established by having the part responsible for the old behaviour take responsibility for implementing other behaviours that satisfy

The five senses:, seeing, hearing, touching (feeling), smelling and tasting. Representational System Primacy Where an individual systematically uses one sense over the others to process and organize his or her experience. Primary representational systems will determine many personality traits as well as learning capabilities.

Where some seemingly negative or problematic behaviour actually carries out some positive function at some other level. For example, smoking may help a person to relax or help them fit a particular self-image.

A set of explicit mental and behavioural steps used to achieve a specific outcome. In NLP, the most important aspect of a strategy is the representational systems used to carry out the specific steps.

The special sensory qualities perceived by each of the five senses. For example, visual sub-modalities include colour, shape, movement, brightness, depth, etc., auditory sub modalities include volume, pitch, tempo, etc., and Kinesthetic sub-modalities include pressure, temperature, texture, location, etc.

The words or language used to describe or stand for the actual primary sensory representations stored in the brain.

The process of overlap between representational systems, characterized by phenomena like see-feel circuits, in which a person derives feelings from what they see, and hear-feel circuits, in which a person gets feelings from what they hear. Any two sensory modalities may be linked together.

Developed by Miller, Galanter and Pibram, the term stands for the sequence Test-Operate-Test-Exit, which describes the basic feedback loop used to guide all behaviour.

The process of searching back through one’s stored memories and mental representations to find the reference experience from which a current behaviour or response was derived.

The process or rephrasing words from one type of representational system predicates to another.

A technique in which a specific strategy sequence or pattern of behaviour is paced or matched in order to influence another’s response.

Relating to sight or the sense of sight. Well-Formedness Conditions
The set of conditions something must satisfy in order to produce an effective and ecological outcome. In NLP, a particular goal is well-formed if it can be: (1) stated in positives, (2) defined and evaluated according to sensory based evidence, (3) initiated and maintained by the person who

desires the goal, (4) made to preserve the positive by-products of the present state, and (5) appropriately contextualized to fit the external ecology.